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Pathology
The study of diseases and their underlying causes, processes, and consequences on the human body is at the heart of the medical speciality known as pathology. Pathologists are specialised doctors who use laboratory results, tissue samples, and other diagnostic information to make diagnoses and give vital information for patient care.
The subspecialties of pathology include molecular pathology, clinical pathology, and anatomical pathology. Pathology’s important facets include:
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- Anatomical Pathology: Anatomical pathologists examine tissues, cells, and organs under a microscope to diagnose diseases, determine the extent of disease progression, and guide treatment decisions. They analyze surgical specimens, biopsies, and autopsies, identifying abnormal cellular structures, evaluating tissue architecture, and detecting cancerous cells.
- Clinical Pathology: Clinical pathologists focus on laboratory tests and the analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and other body fluids. They perform and interpret a wide range of laboratory tests to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. This may include tests for blood chemistry, microbiology, hematology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics
- Molecular Pathology: Molecular pathologists examine the genetic and molecular changes that occur in diseases, using advanced techniques to analyze DNA, RNA, and proteins. They provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases, help guide targeted therapies, and contribute to personalized medicine approaches.
- Diagnostic Interpretation: Pathologists play a crucial role in interpreting and correlating the results of laboratory tests, imaging studies, and clinical findings to provide accurate diagnoses. They collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as physicians, surgeons, and oncologists, to contribute to patient management and treatment planning.
- Research and Innovation: Pathologists are involved in research to enhance understanding of disease mechanisms, develop new diagnostic techniques, and improve treatment strategies. They contribute to scientific advancements and collaborate with other researchers to expand knowledge in the field of pathology.
To ensure accurate diagnosis, direct treatment choices, and track patient progress, pathologists closely collaborate with other healthcare professionals. They are essential members of healthcare teams, helping with patient care, illness monitoring, and public health programmes.
Basic research and clinical medicine are connected through pathology, which provides crucial data for illness diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The expertise of pathologists contributes to the total understanding of disease processes, advances medical knowledge, and enhances patient outcomes.
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