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Dialysis
When the kidneys are unable to sufficiently filter waste and extra fluid from the blood, dialysis is a medical therapy used to perform those jobs. People with end-stage renal disease (ESKD) or significant kidney damage are the target population for this treatment.During dialysis, blood is filtered as it circulates through a device known as a dialyzer or artificial kidney. There are two primary dialysis procedures:
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- Hemodialysis (HD): During hemodialysis, the patient's blood is taken out of their body and put through a dialyzer. Blood is filtered in the dialyzer, where waste materials, poisons, and extra fluid are removed. The patient's body is then given back the cleaned blood. Hemodialysis is often carried out in a hospital or specialised dialysis facility under the direction of qualified medical staff.
- Peritoneal Dialysis (PD): The peritoneal membrane, a lining in the abdomen, is used as the filtering medium during peritoneal dialysis (PD). Through a catheter, a unique liquid known as dialysate is inserted into the peritoneal cavity. Waste materials and extra fluid can move from the circulation into the dialysate thanks to the peritoneal membrane. The dialysate is drained, removing the waste, and replenished with brand-new dialysate after a certain dwell period. Since peritoneal dialysis is frequently carried out at home, patients have more freedom and independence.
- Dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment that helps maintain the balance of electrolytes, control blood pressure, and remove waste products from the body. However, it is not a cure for kidney disease. Individuals on dialysis typically require regular treatments, ranging from a few hours several times a week for hemodialysis to multiple exchanges per day for peritoneal dialysis.
A multidisciplinary healthcare team, which consists of nephrologists, dialysis nurses, and dietitians, must closely supervise a patient receiving dialysis. Based on the patient’s individual requirements and general health, decisions are made about the frequency and length of dialysis sessions as well as dietary restrictions. When a healthy kidney from a donor is donated to replace the non-functioning kidneys, dialysis may occasionally act as a transitional treatment before kidney transplantation.
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